Development of a cross-protective mucosal vaccine to control porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in pigs — ASN Events

Development of a cross-protective mucosal vaccine to control porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in pigs (#4)

Basavaraj Binjawadagi 1 , Varun Dwivedi 1 , Cordelia Manickam 1 , Jordi B Torrelles 1 , Renukaradhya J Gourapura 1
  1. Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, Wooster, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Mircobial Infection and Immunity, Columbus, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the major causes of economic burden to the swine industry world-wide. Currently, we lack cross-protective killed PRRS virus (PRRSV) vaccine to effectively control the disease outbreaks. To potentiate the efficacy of killed PRRSV vaccine, we entrapped UV killed PRRSV antigens in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles and co-administered intranasally twice with a potent mucosal adjuvant, Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole cell lysate (M. tb WCL). Our results indicated that, PLGA nanoparticle-entrapped killed PRRSV vaccine adjuvanted with unentrapped M. tb WCL elicited better cross-protective immunity to a virulent heterologous PRRSV challenge. Clinically, immunized virus challenged pigs were free from PRRS symptoms, and immune correlates of protection at both mucosal and systemic sites comprises of: (i) significantly increased levels of PRRSV specific IgG and IgA antibody titers with enhanced avidity and virus neutralizing antibody titers; (ii) complete clearance of viremia and replicating PRRSV from the lungs; (iii) enhanced frequency of IFN-γ secreting cells in the lungs compared to other test groups. Results of our study are having a great promise towards development of a better cross-protective killed PRRSV vaccine to effectively control PRRS outbreaks in pigs. This project was supported by National Pork Board, USDA PRRS CAP2 and OARDC OSU to RG.